【定语从句只用that的七种情况】在英语语法中,定语从句是用于修饰名词或代词的一种从句结构。在使用关系代词时,通常可以选择“which”或“that”,但在某些特定情况下,只能使用“that”,而不能使用“which”。掌握这些规则对于提高英语写作和口语表达的准确性非常有帮助。
以下是定语从句中只用that的七种常见情况:
一、先行词是不定代词
当先行词是“all, everything, anything, nothing, something”等不定代词时,只能用“that”。
先行词 | 关系代词 | 例句 |
all | that | All that I need is time. |
everything | that | Everything that he said was true. |
二、先行词是最高级或序数词
如果先行词是最高级(如“the best, the first”)或序数词(如“the first, the second”),则必须使用“that”。
先行词 | 关系代词 | 例句 |
the best | that | The book that I read was very interesting. |
the first | that | The person that called me was my teacher. |
三、先行词被“the only, the very, the same”等限定词修饰
当先行词前有“the only, the very, the same”等强调性限定词时,必须用“that”。
限定词 | 先行词 | 关系代词 | 例句 |
the only | student | that | The student that passed the exam is my friend. |
the very | man | that | The man that helped me was a stranger. |
四、先行词是人和物混合的情况
当先行词既有人又有物时,只能使用“that”。
先行词 | 关系代词 | 例句 |
people and things | that | The people and things that we saw were amazing. |
五、当关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时
如果关系代词在从句中作宾语,并且前面没有介词,可以省略“which”,但更常用“that”。
例句 | 关系代词 | 说明 |
I remember the day (that) we met. | that | 可省略,但更自然用that |
The book (which) I borrowed is on the table. | which | 若有介词,则必须用which |
六、当句子中有“who”时,避免重复使用“which”
为了避免重复或混淆,当主句已有“who”时,定语从句中应使用“that”。
主句 | 从句 | 关系代词 | 例句 |
The man who helped me | that | that | The man who helped me that day was kind. |
七、在正式书面语中,使用“that”更常见
虽然在口语中“which”和“that”有时可以互换,但在正式书面语中,尤其在复杂句子中,“that”更为常见和规范。
情况 | 建议 | 例句 |
正式写作 | 使用that | The information that you provided is helpful. |
总结表格:
情况 | 先行词类型 | 关系代词 | 说明 |
1 | 不定代词(all, everything, etc.) | that | 必须使用that |
2 | 最高级/序数词(the best, the first) | that | 必须使用that |
3 | 被“the only, the very, the same”修饰 | that | 必须使用that |
4 | 人和物混合 | that | 必须使用that |
5 | 宾语位置无介词 | that | 可省略,但推荐使用that |
6 | 主句有“who” | that | 避免重复 |
7 | 正式书面语 | that | 更规范 |
通过掌握这七种情况,你可以更准确地使用定语从句中的“that”,提升语言表达的地道性和准确性。在实际写作和口语中,灵活运用这些规则,能让你的语言更加自然流畅。